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As we all know, in the Oil & Gas industry we are using bolts and nuts for a lot of applications. In Drilling Operations, Work Overs, Production, Maintenance and Petroleum Equipment construction.
However, this does not stop at the Oil & Gas market. Wherever we look, plenty of things are being kept in place by bolts and nuts. From truck tires to forklifts, ships to airplanes, windmills to pumps and bridges to buildings.
The overall purpose of this course is to provide practical training in bolt tightening and shimming techniques and tools. Through the use of different types of exercises performed individually and/or in small groups the ability to safely and competently perform torqueing and tensioning of bolts as well as shimming are achieved.
- Know how to find documentation applicable to torqueing, tensioning and shimming
- Skilled in using torque wrenches correctly to tighten bolts
- Skilled in inspecting, assembling/dismantling and adjusting the hydraulic torque and tensioning tools
- Skilled in using hydraulic torque and tensioning tools correctly to tighten bolts using the two-stage bolt tightening procedure
- Skilled in inspecting, measuring and filling in checklist as part of shimming
- Know how to use shimming tools for filling air gaps by following the applicable procedure
- Select technical manuals and documentation for bolt tightening and shimming tasks to be performed under supervision
- Safely operate specialized tools used for bolt tightening and shimming
- Suitably fill out appropriate checklists when working in the turbine
- Know the meaning of thread terminology
- Learn when it is appropriate to use a fine rather than a coarse thread
- Be aware of the principal bolt and nut strength property classes and how they should be specified
- How to match the nut strength to that of the bolt so that thread stripping problems are prevented
- Find out why bolt tensile fracture is preferable to the threads stripping
- Learn what the proof load is and why it is used
- Be able to identify the meaning of the markings on bolt heads and nuts
- Learn about the thread stress area and how it is derived and used
- Be able to calculate the tensile strength of a threaded fastener
- Understand how a pre-tensioned bolted joint sustains an applied load
- Learn why there can be such a significant variation in the preload (tension in the bolt) and the consequences of this
- How the torque is distributed between the threads and the nut face when free spinning and torque prevailing fasteners are used
- Why preload is so crucial in a bolted joint
- How preload variation can be accounted for at the design stage
- The effect of the tightening method on the preload variation sustained by a fastener
- What is galling and what types of materials tend to be affected?
- Examples of fastener threads that have galled, sectioned and x-ray photos
- Four ways that galling can be eliminated
- Torque controlled tightening
- Torque-angle controlled tightening
- Yield controlled tightening
- Bolt stretch method
- Heat tightening
- The use of load indicating methods
- The use of ultrasonics to determine bolt loading.
- Be able to identify whether a failure is due to a fault in the design specification or is manufacturing related
- Learn the 5 main design related failure modes of threaded fasteners and bolted joints
- Have knowledge of the critical importance of a fastener's clamp force in ensuring a joint's structural integrity
- Why the joint design normally prevents bolt overloading
- Learn about fatigue and where failures normally occur on a threaded fastener
- Why bearing stress can be crucial in ensuring a reliable joint
- Learn about the nature of internal and external thread stripping failures
- Why fine threads can resist loosening better than coarse threads. The inclined plane analogy
- Learn about the work completed by Goodier and Sweeney into loosening due to variable axial loading
- The work completed by ESNA and the theory of shock induced loosening and resonance within fasteners
- The MIL-STD 1312-7 vibration test for fasteners
- Junker’s theory on self-loosening of fasteners and why fasteners self-loosen
- The Junkers/transverse vibration test for fasteners
- The influence that vibration amplitude has on the fastener self-loosening rate
- Preload decay curves and the effectiveness of various fastener types in resisting vibrational loosening
- The findings of Haviland and Kerley and how fasteners can come loose as a result of bending, shock or impact and differential thermal expansion
- Conclusions from the research and how loosening can be prevented
- What is meant by a tightening torque?
- Units used to measure torque
- What are the consequences of not applying sufficient torque to a bolt
- How torque is absorbed by a nut/bolt assembly
- The torque-tension graph
- The relationship between the tightening torque and the resulting bolt preload (tension)
- The factors which affect the torque-tension relationship
- The nut factor method of determining the correct tightening torque
- Example calculation of how to determine the correct tightening torque
- Scatter in the bolt preload resulting from friction variations
- Determining the bolt preload (tension) resulting from a tightening torque
- Prevailing torque fasteners (such as those containing a nylon insert) and how they affect the torque distribution and the correct torque to use
- The use of strain gauged bolts
- The use of load cells
- The use of Rota bolts
- The use of Smart bolts
- The use of direct tension indicators (load indicating washers)
- Tension control bolts
- The principles behind hydraulic tensioning
- The number of tensioners that are used to tighten a joint – 100%, 50%, 33% and 25% tensioning methods
- The effect of elastic recovery on the tension induced into a bolt
- The use of hydraulic nuts and the sequence used to tighten them
- The use of oil filled nuts
- The use of rubber filled nuts
- The problems of tightening multi-bolt assemblies
- Elastic interaction or bolt cross-talk
- The use of a tightening sequence
- The single pass tightening sequence
- Tightening sequences for non-circular bolt patterns
- Tests completed to verify tightening sequences
- The two pass tightening sequence
- The use of multiple tightening tools
- Bolt cross talk and hydraulic tensioning
- Methods that can be used to check the tightening sequence
- The solder plug method
- The use of pressure sensitive films
- Establishing a tightening procedure
| Date | Location | Language | Price | Format | ||
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| Currently, this course is conducted only in an intracorporate format. | ||||||
Training can take place in 4 formats:
- Self-paced
- Blended learning
- Instructor-led online (webinar)
- Instructor-led offline (classroom)
Description of training formats:
- Self-paced learning or e-Learning means you can learn in your own time and control the amount of material to consume. There is no need to complete the assignments and take the courses at the same time as other learners.
- Blended learning or "hybrid learning" means you can combine Self-paced learning or e-Learning with traditional instructor-led classroom or webinar activities. This approach requires physical presence of both teacher and student in physical or virtual (webinars) classrooms or workshops. Webinar is a seminar or presentation that takes place on the internet, allowing participants in different locations to see and hear the presenter, ask questions, and sometimes answer polls.
- Instructor-led training, or ILT, means that the learning can be delivered in a lecture or classroom format, as an interactive workshop, as a demonstration under the supervision and control of qualified trainer or instructor with the opportunity for learners to practice, or even virtually, using video-conferencing tools.
When forming groups of students, special attention is paid to important criteria - the same level of knowledge and interests among all students of the course, in order to maintain stable group dynamics during training.
Group dynamics is the development of a group in time, which is caused by the interaction of participants with each other and external influence on the group. In other words, these are the stages that the training group goes through in the process of communicating with the coach and among themselves.
The optimal group size for different types of training:
- Self-paced / E-learning: 1
- Instructor-led off-line (classroom): 6 – 12
- Instructor-led on-line (webinar): 6 – 12
- Blended learning: 6 – 12
- Workshop: 6 – 12
- On-the-job: 2 – 4
- Simulator: 1 – 2
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- Action in a variable gaming environment;
- The right choice is made through experimentation.
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| Date | Location | Language | Price | Format |
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