For any modern petroleum refinery, the catalytic reforming process is an extremely important and critical element for overall economic balance of the company. It covers the basic and fundamentals aspects of processing through commercial unit operations, feedstock type interactions, yields, product qualities, catalysts, cycles lengths, and process variables. The two main catalytic reforming processes for refining and petrochemicals include semi-regenerative and continuous regenerative catalytic reformation processes. Reforming acts as the primary and most important process for improving the quality of the product to meet the final fuel specifications of fuels such as hydrogen and LPG.
There are a number of key variables which have to be taken care of when it comes to catalytic reforming which have an impact on optimization of unit operations. Basically, it includes the re-arrangement and re-structuring of the hydrocarbon molecules in the naphtha feedstock while breaking molecules into smaller molecules. With the increasing demand in aromatics and high octane number fuels, catalytic reforming is likely to remain the most important unit processing system in petroleum and petrochemical industry for a long time to come.
Catalytic Reforming for Refining & Petrochemicals training course is a specialized course which is structured to provide the various aspects of unit monitoring, troubleshooting, catalyst regeneration and process evaluation in refineries. The focus is on the optimization of the performance of the catalytic reformer and to utilize the maximum possible output from the unit for increased profitability.
- assess the influence of operating parameters on a unit performance
- optimize the process to achieve the targeted yield in BTX, from the design to the operation
- grasp the essence of catalyst regeneration
- detect potential deficiencies by troubleshooting
- acquire the best practices for unit start-up, normal operation and shutdown
- Quality specifications of gasolines; reformulated gasoline and future trends.
- Octane improving processes, integration within the refining processes.
- Needs in hydrogen. Aromatic complex overview, need for benzene, toluene and xylenes.
- Influence of feedstocks origins and characteristics on the performances of the units: IBP, FBP, composition (N,A, etc.), physical properties, impurities content.
- Current yields and properties of the reformate in relation with severity.
- Process flow diagrams and operating parameters of a catalytic reforming unit: semi-regenerative and continuous regenerative. Main control loops.
- Material balance. Energy consumption
- Operating variables: WABT, WAIT, H2/HC ratio, flow rates, water and chlorine injection, recycle gas and hydrogen rich gas characteristics, flash drum conditions.
- Main equipment and metallurgy: features of reactors, heat exchangers and furnace technology, corrosion issues.
- Low pressure technology: continuous regenerative processes.
- Low pressure equipment, recontacting section, catalyst circulation: lifts, ∆P control, seal legs, nitrogen loops for regeneration, etc.
- Analyzers and process control.
- Review of the characteristics of all the chemical reactions: thermodynamics and kinetics.
- Influence of the operating parameters on the production of aromatics, hydrogen, octane number, and other yields. Consequences for semi-regenerative and continuous regenerative processes.
- Catalyst properties: role of the acidic and metallic functions, of the support, of the different promotors and their impact on chemical reactions and yields. Water/chlorine balance and management.
- Catalyst composition and selectivity, poisons and ageing factors.
- Catalyst activity follow up and cycle length prediction for semi-regenerative units.
- Catalyst regeneration. Role of each step for an optimal activity. Operating parameters for CCR regeneration loops.
- Unit operation: monitoring the operating variables and optimization, for semi-regenerative and regenerative units. Operation case studies.
- Flexibility of the continuous process. Performance follow-up.
- Maximizing the performances of the unit under constraints or limit conditions.
- Main steps for start-up and shutdown.
- RON or aromatic content decrease: causes, diagnostic and remedies.
- Moisture in the feed, sulfur peak, chlorine peak: diagnosis and remedies.
- Recycle or separation problems, recycle gas analysis.
- Reactor temperature run-off.
- Specific troubles of CCR units: catalyst circulation, regeneration loops, chilling system, nitrogen lift pollution.
- CCR operation with catalyst regeneration problems.
- Outlets and main use of BX (Benzene, Xylenes), ethylbenzene.
- Technical key points to manage with: catalytical, operating conditions in order to adapt the catalytic reforming unit.
- Basic scheme to upgrade benzene and paraxylene.
- Benzene recovery unit: implementation of an extractive distillation section.
- Implementation of an aromatic loop: addition of an isomerization section to optimize the paraxylene recovery unit.
- Operating conditions for a typical arrangement. Main associated key steps during start-up and shutdown. Main operating variables and parameters.
Training can take place in 4 formats:
- Self-paced
- Blended learning
- Instructor-led online (webinar)
- Instructor-led offline (classroom)
Description of training formats:
- Self-paced learning or e-Learning means you can learn in your own time and control the amount of material to consume. There is no need to complete the assignments and take the courses at the same time as other learners.
- Blended learning or "hybrid learning" means you can combine Self-paced learning or e-Learning with traditional instructor-led classroom or webinar activities. This approach requires physical presence of both teacher and student in physical or virtual (webinars) classrooms or workshops. Webinar is a seminar or presentation that takes place on the internet, allowing participants in different locations to see and hear the presenter, ask questions, and sometimes answer polls.
- Instructor-led training, or ILT, means that the learning can be delivered in a lecture or classroom format, as an interactive workshop, as a demonstration under the supervision and control of qualified trainer or instructor with the opportunity for learners to practice, or even virtually, using video-conferencing tools.
When forming groups of students, special attention is paid to important criteria - the same level of knowledge and interests among all students of the course, in order to maintain stable group dynamics during training.
Group dynamics is the development of a group in time, which is caused by the interaction of participants with each other and external influence on the group. In other words, these are the stages that the training group goes through in the process of communicating with the coach and among themselves.
The optimal group size for different types of training:
- Self-paced / E-learning: 1
- Instructor-led off-line (classroom): 6 – 12
- Instructor-led on-line (webinar): 6 – 12
- Blended learning: 6 – 12
- Workshop: 6 – 12
- On-the-job: 2 – 4
- Simulator: 1 – 2
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In order to control the quality of the services provided, students can evaluate the quality and training programme. Forms of assessment of the quality of training differ for courses with the participation of an instructor and those that are held in a self-paced format.
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During the training, you may encounter various forms of testing and knowledge testing. The most common assessment methods are:
- preliminary (base-line assessment) - to determine the current level of knowledge and adapt the personal curriculum
- intermediate - to check the progress of learning
- final - to complete training and final assessment of knowledge and skills, can be in the form of a project, testing or practical exam
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The 30-day money back policy allows students to receive quality teaching services with minimal risk, we must also protect our teachers from fraud and provide them with a reasonable payment schedule. Payments are sent to instructors after 30 days, so we will not process refund requests received after the refund period.
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Conducting classes is based on the fact that the teacher demonstrates text, drawings, graphics, presentations on an interactive board, while the content appears in the student's electronic notebook. A specially designed digital notepad and pen are used to create and edit text and images that can be redirected to any surface via a projector.
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Real-life training uses the principles of game organization, which allows future professionals to rehearse and hone their skills in a virtual emergency. Learning as a game provides an opportunity to establish a connection between the learning activity and real life.
The technology provides the following learning opportunities:
- Focused on the needs of the user
- Instant feedback
- Independent decision making and choice of actions
- Better assimilation and memorization of the material
- Adaptive pace of learning tailored to the individual needs of the student
- Better transfer of skills learned in a learning situation to real conditions
Basic principles of training:
- A gradual increase in the level of difficulty in the game;
- Using a simplified version of a problem situation;
- Action in a variable gaming environment;
- The right choice is made through experimentation.
The main advantages of Game Based Learning technology:
- Low degree of physical risk and liability
- Motivation to learn while receiving positive emotions from the process;
- Practice - mirroring the real situation
- Timely feedback
- Choice of different playing roles
- Learning in collaboration
- Developing your own behavior strategy
Conducting practical classes online using remote access technologies for presentations, multimedia solutions and virtual reality:
- Laboratory workshops that simulate the operation of expensive bench equipment in real production
- Virtual experiment, which is visually indistinguishable from a remote real experiment performed
- Virtual instruments, which are an exact copy of real instruments
- Mathematical modeling to clarify the physical characteristics, chemical content of the investigated object or phenomenon.