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Compressors play a very essential role in many petrochemical and industrial plants. Centrifugal compressors in general runs at very high speeds and are exposed to high temperature. The compressor operation is confined between the surge and stonewall limits. The compressor performance also is affected by the variation in operating conditions. Elevated temperature and large centrifugal stresses make the gas turbine operating under very critical conditions requires very complicated monitoring and protection systems. Accurate instrumentation, monitoring, troubleshooting and maintenance programs are essential for maintaining and increasing the available time of the machines. Understanding and learning Centrifugal compressors more deeply help smooth and free trouble operation.
This 5-day, specialized level course is for facility design engineers, operations engineers, and technicians seeking an in-depth understanding of centrifugal, reciprocating, and screw compressors. This course provides basic knowledge of compressor types and associated auxiliary systems, mechanical design of equipment, operating and performance characteristics, control and monitoring systems, maintenance practices, and codes and standards.
- How to apply thermodynamics to compressor performance and operating characteristics
- How to size, specify, and select compressors
- Compressor auxiliary systems
- Series and parallel application of compressors
- How to integrate compressor systems into process facilities used in the oil and gas industry
- How to use state-of-the-art monitor and control devices in the operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of compression systems
- How to apply maintenance practices to improve compressor reliability
- Shop and field performance testing
- Compressor economics including OPEX vs. CAPEX considerations
- Rotating equipment overview
- Definition of rotating equipment
- Classifications of rotating equipment
- Performance and mechanical design similarities
- The equipment train
- Important fundaments
- Compressor types and applications
- Positive displacement compressors: Rotary lobe, Rotary vanes, Rotary screw, Reciprocating
- Dynamic compressors: Centrifugal single-stage, Centrifugal multi-stage, Axial
- Compressor characteristics
- Positive displacement compressors
- Actual, standard and mass flows
- Dynamic compressors
- Operation of a compressor in a system
- Defining the process system
- The system resistance curves
- The operating point
- A positive displacement compressor in the process system
- A dynamic compressor in the process system
- The concept of fluid head
- Defining the fluid head
- The head required
- The head produced
- Paths of compression
- The different types of gas head
- Dynamic compressor curves format
- Performance relationships
- Satisfying the objective
- Gas characteristics
- Compression head
- Impeller types and specific speed
- Compressor efficiency
- Compressor horsepower
- The fan laws
- What determines the compressor curve shape
- The compressor stage
- Impeller with side plate removed
- Impeller discharge velocities
- Blading types: Backward lean and radial vanes
- Surge and stonewall
- Surge facts
- Limits of the compressor curve
- What causes surge
- What causes stonewall
- Compressor individual stage and overall performance
- The stage curve
- The overall curve
- Determining section performance
- The effect of fouling on compressor performance
- The mechanism of fouling
- The effect of fouling on the operating point
- The causes of fouling
- Detecting fouling by condition monitoring
- Preventing and correcting fouling
- Compressor control overview
- Adjusting the compressor to system changes
- Adjusting the compressor performance curve
- Compressor protection
- Surge control systems
- System objectives
- Available options
- System design considerations
- A history of surge system types
- Compressor mechanical design
- The casing
- The inlet guide vanes (IGV)
- The rotor
- The diaphragms
- Inter-stage seals
- About shaft end seals
- Labyrinth seals
- Restrictive ring seals
- Liquid film floating ring seals
- Liquid film cone seals
- Dry gas seals
- Why do compressors need bearings
- Journal bearings
- Thrust bearings
- Compressor casings and stationary internals
- Casing functions
- Casing types
- Casing fabrication options
- Casing stresses and deflections
- Compressor rotor design
- Shaft end design
- Shaft stiffness
- Rotor configuration
- Rotor assembly
- Rotor balance
- Flexible coupling design
- Coupling functions
- Coupling types
- Gear couplings
- Flexible couplings
- Couplings with elastomer inserts
- The coupling system
- Coupling installation and removal
Training can take place in 4 formats:
- Self-paced
- Blended learning
- Instructor-led online (webinar)
- Instructor-led offline (classroom)
Description of training formats:
- Self-paced learning or e-Learning means you can learn in your own time and control the amount of material to consume. There is no need to complete the assignments and take the courses at the same time as other learners.
- Blended learning or "hybrid learning" means you can combine Self-paced learning or e-Learning with traditional instructor-led classroom or webinar activities. This approach requires physical presence of both teacher and student in physical or virtual (webinars) classrooms or workshops. Webinar is a seminar or presentation that takes place on the internet, allowing participants in different locations to see and hear the presenter, ask questions, and sometimes answer polls.
- Instructor-led training, or ILT, means that the learning can be delivered in a lecture or classroom format, as an interactive workshop, as a demonstration under the supervision and control of qualified trainer or instructor with the opportunity for learners to practice, or even virtually, using video-conferencing tools.
When forming groups of students, special attention is paid to important criteria - the same level of knowledge and interests among all students of the course, in order to maintain stable group dynamics during training.
Group dynamics is the development of a group in time, which is caused by the interaction of participants with each other and external influence on the group. In other words, these are the stages that the training group goes through in the process of communicating with the coach and among themselves.
The optimal group size for different types of training:
- Self-paced / E-learning: 1
- Instructor-led off-line (classroom): 6 – 12
- Instructor-led on-line (webinar): 6 – 12
- Blended learning: 6 – 12
- Workshop: 6 – 12
- On-the-job: 2 – 4
- Simulator: 1 – 2
Feedback in the form of assessments and recommendations is given to students during the course of training with the participation of an instructor and is saved in the course card and student profile.
In order to control the quality of the services provided, students can evaluate the quality and training programme. Forms of assessment of the quality of training differ for courses with the participation of an instructor and those that are held in a self-paced format.
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Based on the results of training, students are issued a certificate of training. All training certificates fall into three main categories:
- Certificate of Attendance - students who successfully completed the course but did not pass the tests and exams can apply for a certificate of attendance.
- Certificate of Completion - students who have successfully completed a course could apply for a Certificate of Completion, this type of certificate is often required for compliance training.
- Verified Certificate - it is a verified certificate that is issued when students have passed exams under the supervision of a dedicated proctor.
You can always download a copy of your training certificate in PDF format in your personal account.
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During the training, you may encounter various forms of testing and knowledge testing. The most common assessment methods are:
- preliminary (base-line assessment) - to determine the current level of knowledge and adapt the personal curriculum
- intermediate - to check the progress of learning
- final - to complete training and final assessment of knowledge and skills, can be in the form of a project, testing or practical exam
Travel to the place of full-time training is not included in the cost of training. Accommodation during full-time studies can be included in the full board tuition fees.
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You can preview samples of the training materials and review key information about the course on our website. You can also review feedback and recommendations from students who already completed this course.
We want you to be happy, so almost all purchased courses can be returned within 30 days. If you are not satisfied with the course, you can request a refund, provided the request complies with our return policy.
The 30-day money back policy allows students to receive quality teaching services with minimal risk, we must also protect our teachers from fraud and provide them with a reasonable payment schedule. Payments are sent to instructors after 30 days, so we will not process refund requests received after the refund period.
We reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to limit or deny refund requests in cases where we believe there is refund abuse, including but not limited to the following:
- A significant portion of the course has been consumed or downloaded by a student before the refund was requested.
- Multiple refunds have been requested by a student for the same course.
- Excessive refunds have been requested by a student.
- Users whose account is blocked or access to courses is disabled due to violation of our Terms and Conditions or the Rules of Trust and Security.
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- These refund restrictions will be enforced to the extent permitted by applicable law.
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Classes are live streamed online, automatically recorded and published on the Learning Portal, allowing you to save them for reuse anytime, anywhere, on any mobile device. This makes it possible not to miss classes and keep up with classes and keep up with the passage of new material.
Real-life training uses the principles of game organization, which allows future professionals to rehearse and hone their skills in a virtual emergency. Learning as a game provides an opportunity to establish a connection between the learning activity and real life.
The technology provides the following learning opportunities:
- Focused on the needs of the user
- Instant feedback
- Independent decision making and choice of actions
- Better assimilation and memorization of the material
- Adaptive pace of learning tailored to the individual needs of the student
- Better transfer of skills learned in a learning situation to real conditions
Basic principles of training:
- A gradual increase in the level of difficulty in the game;
- Using a simplified version of a problem situation;
- Action in a variable gaming environment;
- The right choice is made through experimentation.
The main advantages of Game Based Learning technology:
- Low degree of physical risk and liability
- Motivation to learn while receiving positive emotions from the process;
- Practice - mirroring the real situation
- Timely feedback
- Choice of different playing roles
- Learning in collaboration
- Developing your own behavior strategy
Conducting practical classes online using remote access technologies for presentations, multimedia solutions and virtual reality:
- Laboratory workshops that simulate the operation of expensive bench equipment in real production
- Virtual experiment, which is visually indistinguishable from a remote real experiment performed
- Virtual instruments, which are an exact copy of real instruments
- Mathematical modeling to clarify the physical characteristics, chemical content of the investigated object or phenomenon.
Anton Gakhov
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